What is RNA?
single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid, which is a nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in the flow of genetic information in living organisms. It is a polymer made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule (ribose), a nitrogenous base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil), and a phosphate group.
There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Of these three types, mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosomes, and rRNA forms the structural components of ribosomes that catalyze protein synthesis.
RNA plays various important roles in cellular processes including transcription, translation, gene expression, and regulation of gene expression. RNA is essential in the biological processes that are fundamental to life, including protein synthesis, virus replication, and gene editing. The study of RNA and its functions has led to a greater understanding of genetics, evolution, and the development of new medical treatments.
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