Alkyne
triple bond
Alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms. The general formula for alkynes is CnH2n-2, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Alkynes are classified according to the position of the triple bond in the carbon chain, with the simplest alkyne being ethyne (C2H2), which is also known as acetylene because it can be derived from the plant hormone acetylene.
Alkynes are more reactive than alkenes because of the presence of the triple bond, which has a higher energy than the double bond in alkenes. Alkynes undergo many of the same reactions as alkenes, including addition reactions with halogens, hydrogenation, and hydration. However, because of the higher energy of the triple bond, these reactions often require more severe conditions than those for alkenes.
Alkynes also exhibit unique reactions that are not observed in alkenes or other hydrocarbons. One of the most important of these is the Lindlar catalyst reduction, which allows selective hydrogenation of alkynes to form cis-alkenes. Another important reaction is the formation of alkynes from carbonyl compounds using the Wittig reaction.
Alkynes have a variety of uses, including as synthetic intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. Acetylene is also used in welding and cutting applications, as well as in the production of polyethylene and other plastics.
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