Pullman Strike (1894)
A staged walkout strike by railroad workers upset by drastic wage cuts. The strike was led by socialist Eugene Debs but not supported by the American Federation of Labor. Eventually President Grover Cleveland intervened because it was interfering with mail delivery and federal troops forced an end to the strike. The strike highlighted both divisions within labor and the government’s continuing willingness to use armed force to combat work stoppages.
The Pullman Strike was a labor dispute that occurred in 1894 in the United States. It was a nationwide strike that began with the workers of the Pullman Palace Car Company, which was a producer of luxury railroad passenger cars. The workers, who were members of the American Railway Union (ARU), went on strike because of low wages and poor working conditions. The Pullman Company had also recently reduced the workers’ wages without reducing the cost of rent for company-owned housing, making their economic situation even more difficult.
The strike soon spread to other industries as railroad workers refused to handle Pullman cars and switchmen refused to switch trains containing Pullman cars. The strike caused a significant disruption to transportation and mail service across much of the country, leading President Grover Cleveland to intervene.
President Cleveland used federal troops to break the strike, which brought an end to the dispute. The intervention of federal troops caused significant resentment among union members and led to riots and violence. The Pullman Strike was ultimately unsuccessful in achieving its goals, but it did result in important progress for the labor movement, with the creation of Labor Day and the passage of the Erdman Act, which established the right of workers to seek mediation in labor disputes. Overall, the Pullman Strike was a major turning point in labor relations in the United States and has since become a symbol of the struggle of the labor movement for fair wages and working conditions.
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