Understanding Thurstone’s Theory of Intelligence: The Seven Primary Mental Abilities

Primary mental abilities (thurstone)

Intelligence consists of seven “primary mental abilities,” each a relatively independent element of intelligence.

Primary mental abilities is a theory of intelligence developed by Louis Leon Thurstone in the 1930s. According to Thurstone, intelligence is not a single factor, but rather a collection of seven primary interrelated abilities. These abilities are:

1. Verbal comprehension: This refers to the ability to understand words and concepts, read and comprehend written materials, and understand language.

2. Word fluency: This ability involves spontaneous production of words and ideas, such as thinking and speaking on the spot, problem-solving, and brainstorming.

3. Numerical ability: This refers to the ability to perform mathematical calculations, use numbers efficiently, and solve quantitative problems.

4. Spatial visualization: This ability involves the capacity to visualize and manipulate objects in three-dimensional space, which is necessary for navigating or orientating in physical spaces, understanding complex diagrams and maps, and developing mechanical skills.

5. Inductive reasoning: This skill involves the ability to reason and make generalizations based on specific examples or observations.

6. Memory: memory is the ability to recall information and remember previously learned facts, concepts, and skills.

7. Perceptual speed: This refers to the ability to quickly identify and recognize visual or auditory information.

Thurstone’s primary mental abilities theory suggests that intelligence is not a unified characteristic but rather comprises different interrelated skills and abilities. These primary mental abilities are stable and consistent across the lifespan of individuals and can vary from one individual to another. Thurstone believed that individuals may exhibit strengths and weaknesses in each ability, and that these strengths and weaknesses can be used to develop effective interventions to improve overall intelligence.

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