Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
1. linguistic2. logico-mathematical3. musical4. spatial5. bodily-kinesthetic6. naturalist7. interpersonal8. intrapersonal
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a model that proposed that there are different types of intelligence that people may possess, which may vary in terms of their level of strength. Gardner identified eight different intelligences, which are:
1. Linguistic Intelligence: The ability to use words and language effectively. Linguistic intelligence is demonstrated by poets, writers, and speakers.
2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: The ability to understand numbers, quantities, and logic. Logical-mathematical intelligence is demonstrated by mathematicians, scientists, and detectives.
3. Musical Intelligence: The ability to understand and create music. Musical intelligence is demonstrated by composers, musicians, and singers.
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: The ability to use the body and coordinate physical movements. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is demonstrated by athletes, dancers, and surgeons.
5. Spatial Intelligence: The ability to think in three dimensions and to visualize objects. Spatial intelligence is demonstrated by architects, artists, and pilots.
6. Interpersonal Intelligence: The ability to understand and relate to other people. Interpersonal intelligence is demonstrated by teachers, therapists, and politicians.
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence: The ability to understand oneself, including one’s thoughts and emotions. Intrapersonal intelligence is demonstrated by philosophers, writers, and spiritual leaders.
8. Naturalistic Intelligence: The ability to understand and relate to the natural world. Naturalistic intelligence is demonstrated by scientists, farmers, and environmentalists.
According to Gardner, these different intelligences are not mutually exclusive and may overlap. People often excel in one or more areas of intelligence and may struggle in others. By identifying different types of intelligence, Gardner’s theory promotes a more diverse approach to education and emphasizes that not everyone learns or excels in the same way.
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