Protectorate
A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power; Those European governments who took an indirect route of power practiced this type of control over their African colonies.
A protectorate is a type of supervisory relationship established by one state over another state or territory. In this relationship, the stronger state has a promise to protect the weaker state in return for certain benefits such as control over foreign policy and defense. The weaker state may retain some autonomy in internal affairs or delegate powers to the stronger state. A protectorate may be established through a formal treaty or by unilateral action. It is different from a colony because colonies are territories that are directly governed and administered by the colonizing power.
Historically, protectorates were established by imperial powers in the 19th and early 20th centuries, as a means to exercise influence over less powerful states. Many protectorates were established in Africa and Asia, where European powers seized control over territories through military conquest or diplomatic coercion. These protectorates were often established to secure economic interests such as access to resources or markets.
Today, protectorates are rare and are mostly limited to small territories, such as island nations, that rely on a more powerful country for defense and support. Some examples of modern protectorates include the Cook Islands, a territory of New Zealand, and Palau, which is protected by the United States. Its status as a protectorate can provide the weaker state with some level of security and support while allowing the stronger state to exercise control over the weaker state’s foreign policy and military affairs.
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