Understanding the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): Stages of the Body’s Response to Stressors

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

a three-stage physiological response that appears regardless of the stressor that is encountered

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) refers to the process that the body goes through in response to a stressor. The GAS was first described by Hans Selye, a pioneer in stress research, and encompasses three stages:

1. Alarm Reaction Stage: This is the initial stage of the GAS and is characterized by the release of stress hormones (such as adrenaline and cortisol) from the adrenal glands. These hormones prepare the body for the “fight or flight” response, activating the sympathetic nervous system and increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

2. Resistance Stage: If the stressor continues, the body enters the resistance stage. During this phase, the body attempts to adapt to the stressor and regain homeostasis (the body’s natural balance). This involves the continued release of stress hormones and the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

3. Exhaustion Stage: If the stressor persists or is particularly intense, the body enters the exhaustion stage. During this phase, the body’s resources become depleted, and the body is less able to cope with the stressor. This may result in exhaustion, illness, or even death.

It is important to note that GAS is a non-specific response, meaning that it occurs regardless of the type of stressor (physical, emotional, psychological, etc.). Additionally, while the GAS model has been widely used, some researchers have questioned its accuracy and applicability to all types of stress. Nevertheless, the GAS remains an influential model of stress response and has informed much of our understanding of stress and stress-related illnesses.

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