cognitive apprenticeship
Learning is a cognitive apprenticeship in which knowledge is passed from more able members of the culture to less able ones.
Cognitive apprenticeship is a learning process where a more experienced individual guides and mentors a less experienced individual through various cognitive processes, skills, and techniques. The model was first introduced by Collins, Brown, and Newman in the 1980s and is built on the idea of the traditional apprenticeship model where a master craftsman took on an apprentice who learned through observation, imitation, and hands-on experiences.
In cognitive apprenticeship, the mentor (or expert) teaches the apprentice (or novice) about their field or expertise through different strategies, such as modeling, coaching, and scaffolding. Modeling involves observing the expert perform the task, while coaching entails guiding the apprentice through the task, providing feedback on their progress. Scaffolding involves breaking down a complex task into smaller, more manageable steps that the novice can handle.
Cognitive apprenticeship also involves working on real-world problems or projects rather than learning through abstract concepts alone. The goal is to help the apprentice become more proficient in their field through the direct application of skills and techniques they have learned.
In summary, cognitive apprenticeship is a form of mentorship where an expert guides a novice through various cognitive processes, skills, and techniques, utilizing different strategies such as modeling, coaching, and scaffolding, and with a focus on real-world applications to help the novice become more proficient in their field.
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