gonads
sex glands-the testes in males and the ovaries in females
Gonads are the primary reproductive organs of animals that produce gametes (e.g., sperm in males and eggs in females) and hormones (e.g., testosterone in males and estrogen in females).
In humans, the gonads of males are the testes, which are located in the scrotum. The testes produce sperm and testosterone, the hormone responsible for the development of male sex characteristics such as a deep voice and facial hair.
In females, the gonads are the ovaries, which are located on either side of the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The ovaries produce eggs and estrogen, the hormone responsible for the development of female sex characteristics such as breasts and wider hips.
The development and function of the gonads is regulated by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads themselves through a complex feedback loop of hormones called the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Dysfunction of this axis can lead to various reproductive disorders, such as infertility, delayed or precocious puberty, and hormone imbalances.
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