Understanding Bulimia Nervosa: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options in Adolescents and Adults

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge-and-purge pattern

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, excessive exercise, or fasting in order to prevent weight gain. The disorder usually begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, and tends to affect women more than men.

Some signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa include:

1. Frequent episodes of consuming, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is larger than most people would eat under similar circumstances.
2. Feeling out of control during binge-eating episodes.
3. Purging behaviors, such as induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise.
4. Fear of gaining weight or dissatisfaction with body weight and shape.
5. Preoccupation with food, dieting, and body weight.
6. Feeling ashamed or guilty about binge-eating and purging behaviors.

The causes of bulimia nervosa are not yet fully understood, but it is likely that a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors play a role. The disorder may be triggered by stressful life events, unrealistic expectations of body weight and shape, or family and peer pressure to conform to certain beauty standards.

Treatment for bulimia nervosa usually involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and nutritional counseling. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for bulimia nervosa, particularly in combination with antidepressant medication. Nutritional counseling can help individuals establish normal eating patterns and adopt a healthier relationship with food. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to address medical complications of the disorder.

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