Research Methods
systematic processes used to ensure that the study of some phenomena is as objective and unbiased as possible
Research methods refer to the various methods and procedures used in conducting empirical research, which is the process of gathering data or information to answer a research question or test a hypothesis. There are several research methods that can be used in academic research, including experimental, observational, survey, case study, and action research.
Experimental research involves manipulating one or more variables to examine their effects on a dependent variable. Researchers often use experimental research to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between variables. Observational research involves gathering data by observing and recording the behavior of individuals or groups in a natural setting. This method is often used when it is not feasible or ethical to manipulate variables.
Survey research involves collecting data through questionnaires or surveys to study the attitudes, behaviors, or characteristics of a population. Survey research is often used in psychology, marketing, and other social sciences. Case study research involves examining a particular case or phenomenon in detail, often in a naturalistic setting, to draw conclusions about similar phenomena.
Action research refers to research conducted by practitioners in their own professional practice to address specific problems or challenges. Action research often involves collaboration between researchers and practitioners to co-create solutions that are contextually relevant and useful.
When choosing a research method for a study, it is important to consider the research question, research design, feasibility and ethical considerations, and the type of data that will be collected. Researchers should also be aware of the strengths and limitations of each method and choose the method that best aligns with their research aims and epistemological approach.
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