Understanding the Modal Model of Memory: Sensory, Short-Term, and Long-Term Memory Processing and Storage Explained.

Modal Model of Memory

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

The modal model of memory is a theoretical framework proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 to explain how information is processed and stored in our brains. The model describes three distinct memory systems that interact with one another:

1. Sensory memory: This is the first stage of memory processing, where information is briefly stored and processed in sensory form. Sensory memory has a very short duration (less than 1 second for visual information and a few seconds for auditory information) and a large capacity. It acts as a buffer, providing temporary storage for incoming sensory information until it can be processed further.

2. Short-term memory (STM): Also known as working memory, this is the second stage of memory processing, where information is temporarily stored and actively processed. STM has a limited duration (less than 30 seconds) and limited capacity (around 7 ± 2 items). It is responsible for holding and manipulating information that is currently being used or processed.

3. Long-term memory (LTM): This is the final stage of memory processing, where information is transferred from STM and stored for long-term use. LTM has a virtually unlimited duration and capacity. It is responsible for the storage and retrieval of information that is not currently in use.

There are two main types of LTM: declarative and non-declarative. Declarative memory refers to conscious memory that can be intentionally recalled, such as memories of events or facts. Non-declarative memory refers to unconscious memory that cannot be intentionally recalled, such as procedural memory involved in learned skills or habits.

Overall, the modal model of memory provides a useful framework for understanding how information is processed and stored in our brains. However, it has been criticized for oversimplifying the complexity of memory processes and neglecting the role of attention, motivation, and emotion in memory formation and retrieval.

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