synapse
the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft.
A synapse is a specialized structure that allows two neurons (nerve cells) to communicate with each other or with other cells in the body. It is a tiny gap that exists between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron or target cell such as muscle or gland cells.
The transmission of information across the synapse occurs through a complex process that involves the release of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that carry signals between neurons or from neurons to other cells. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter molecules then bind to specialized receptors on the postsynaptic neuron or target cell, leading to either an excitatory or inhibitory response.
The strength of the synapse can change over time through a process called synaptic plasticity, which is the basis for learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity involves changes in the number or activity of receptors, the release of neurotransmitters, or the structure of the synapse itself.
Overall, synapses play a vital role in the transmission of information between neurons and in the functioning of the nervous system.
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