Contain only one type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)Composed of nucleic acid surrounded by protein coat, may have envelope.Some have affinity for particular cell typeUnable to replicate on inert mediaDependent on living cells for replication
The statement provided describes characteristics of viruses
The statement provided describes characteristics of viruses. Viruses are microscopic infectious particles that contain genetic material, either DNA or RNA, but not both. The genetic material of viruses is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid, which helps protect the viral genome. Some viruses may also have an outer envelope derived from the host cell’s membrane.
Viruses exhibit a level of selectivity or specificity for certain types of cells or tissues. This characteristic is referred to as tropism, and it means that certain viruses have an affinity for infecting particular cell types. For example, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specifically targets immune cells called CD4+ T cells.
Unlike cells, viruses cannot replicate or reproduce on inert media, such as inanimate surfaces or nutrient-rich solutions. They require a living host cell to replicate and produce new viral particles. This dependence on a host cell is necessary because viruses lack the cellular machinery required for many essential biological processes, such as protein synthesis or energy production. Instead, they hijack the host cell’s machinery to replicate their genetic material and produce new viral components.
Once a virus infects a host cell, it can utilize the cell’s resources to synthesize viral proteins and replicate its genetic material. This replication process often leads to the destruction of the host cell, resulting in the release of new viral particles that can infect neighboring cells and potentially cause disease.
Overall, viruses are unique entities that are distinct from living cells and exhibit characteristics that differentiate them from cellular life forms. Understanding these characteristics is crucial in studying and combating viral infections.
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