Prokaryotes
* NO nucleus; (No membrane organelles, simple, small); Bacteria
Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms which do not have a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles. They are the most ancient forms of life, which evolved around 3.5 billion years ago. Bacteria and archaea are two main types of prokaryotes.
1. Structure: Prokaryote cells are very simple in structure. Their genetic material is located in the cytoplasm without any nuclear membrane. The cell wall of prokaryotes is usually made of peptidoglycan, a polymer of amino acids and sugars.
2. Reproduction: Prokaryotes reproduce through asexual reproduction, a process called binary fission. In this process, the genetic material duplicates, and the cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
3. Metabolism: Prokaryotes have diverse metabolic processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, and fermentation. Some bacteria can also perform nitrogen fixation, converting atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for other organisms.
4. Ecological importance: Prokaryotes play an essential role in the ecosystem. They help in nutrient cycling and decomposition of organic matter. They also maintain a balance in the environment by competing with harmful bacteria and serving as a food source for other organisms.
5. Human interaction: Some prokaryotes cause harm to humans, causing disease. However, many prokaryotes are beneficial to humans, including the bacteria in our digestive tract that help us digest food and the bacteria used in the production of antibiotics and other medicines.
More Answers:
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The Anatomy and Functions of the Cell Membrane: A Comprehensive Guide