Patient has developed cardiogenic shock after a left anterior descending myocardial infarction. Which circulatory device should the nurse expect the patient to receive?
Intraaortic Balloon Pump (IABP) The most commonly used mechanical circulatory assist device is the IABP. It is used to decrease ventricular workload, increase myocardial perfusion, and augment circulation. Cardiopulmonary bypass provides circulation during open heart surgery. It is not used as an assist device after surgery. ICG is a noninvasive method to obtain cardiac output and assess thoracic fluid status. CVP measurement is an invasive measurement of right ventricular preload and reflects fluid volume problems.
The nurse would expect the patient with cardiogenic shock following a left anterior descending myocardial infarction to receive an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).
An IABP is a circulatory support device that consists of a catheter with a balloon tip that is inserted into the aorta through the femoral artery. The balloon is inflated during diastole, which creates a pressure gradient that increases blood flow to the coronary arteries and improves myocardial perfusion. During systole, the balloon deflates, which decreases systemic vascular resistance and afterload, reducing the workload on the heart and improving cardiac output.
IABPs are used in patients with cardiogenic shock to support cardiac function and maintain organ perfusion until definitive treatment measures can be taken, such as revascularization or surgery. The use of IABPs has been shown to improve survival rates in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock.
It is important for the nurse to closely monitor the patient receiving an IABP and to assess for any complications, such as bleeding, vascular injury, or balloon rupture. Close collaboration with the healthcare team, including the physician and perfusionist, is also essential to ensure safe and effective use of the device.
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