Understanding the Genetic Differences: Yeast vs Bacteria’s Protein Sorting Mechanism

You would likely see the largest difference in the number of genes involved in targeting proteins to specific locations within a cell between a a. yeast and a bacterium. b. nematode and a yeast. c. fly and a nematode. d. flowering plant and a nematode. e. vertebrate and a fly.

A

The correct answer is a. yeast and a bacterium.

Both yeast and bacteria are unicellular organisms, and they have significant differences in terms of the organization and structure of their cells. Bacteria lack organelles, while yeast has organelles like mitochondria and nuclei. Furthermore, yeast cells are much larger and complex than bacterial cells.

One of the significant differences between yeast and bacteria is the number of genes involved in targeting proteins to specific locations within their cells. Yeast has a more complex system for directing proteins to different cellular locations, and it requires more genes than bacteria.

For example, yeast cells have organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, which require proteins to be targeted specifically to them. Therefore, yeast has a higher number of genes involved in protein sorting and trafficking to these organelles.

In contrast, bacteria lack these organelles and have a simpler system for protein sorting. Therefore, bacteria require relatively fewer genes involved in protein targeting.

In summary, based on the cellular complexity and structure, the largest difference in the number of genes involved in targeting proteins to specific locations within a cell would be observed between a yeast and a bacterium.

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