What is the largest coordination number?
The largest coordination number in chemistry is typically observed in compounds or complexes where a metal ion forms bonds with multiple ligands
The largest coordination number in chemistry is typically observed in compounds or complexes where a metal ion forms bonds with multiple ligands. The coordination number refers to the number of bonds formed between the central metal ion and its surrounding ligands.
In most cases, the maximum coordination number is 12. This occurs when a central metal ion forms bonds with twelve ligands. For example, in some transition metal complexes, such as [Co(NH3)6]3+, the cobalt ion is surrounded by six ammonia ligands, resulting in a coordination number of 6. If this complex were to form bonds with an additional six ligands, such as chloride ions (Cl-), the coordination number would increase to 12.
However, there are a few reported cases where coordination numbers exceeding 12 have been observed. These occur in highly unusual and rare instances. For instance, compounds involving lanthanide and actinide elements have shown coordination numbers of up to 16. Some examples include [Ce(Cp*)6]2+ (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand) and [U(BH4)4(THF)4].
It is important to note that coordination numbers above 12 are relatively uncommon and usually occur in highly specialized or exotic situations. In most cases, the coordination numbers encountered in chemistry range from 2 to 12, with 6 or 4 being the most common values.
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