Define metal.
Metals are a group of chemical elements characterized by their characteristic properties, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, metallic luster, ductility, and malleability
Metals are a group of chemical elements characterized by their characteristic properties, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, metallic luster, ductility, and malleability. They are found on the left side of the periodic table, occupying a majority of the elements.
In terms of atomic structure, metals are composed of closely packed positive ions called cations surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons. This unique arrangement results in their characteristic properties.
Some key characteristics of metals include:
1. Metallic luster: Metals have a shiny appearance due to the way they reflect light. This property is attributed to the delocalized electrons, which can easily interact with photons of light and re-emit them.
2. High electrical and thermal conductivity: Metals are excellent conductors of electricity and heat. The delocalized electrons can move freely within the atomic structure, allowing for the easy flow of electric current and the transfer of thermal energy.
3. Ductility: Metals can be drawn into thin wires without breaking. This property is due to the ability of the metallic bonds to deform and adjust to the shape desired without losing their structural integrity.
4. Malleability: Metals can be hammered or rolled into sheets without breaking. The ability of metals to undergo plastic deformation is a result of the movement of the delocalized electrons and the ability of the atoms to slide past each other.
5. Solid state at room temperature (except mercury): Most metals are solid at room temperature, with varying melting and boiling points. This is due to the strength of metallic bonds that hold the atoms together.
It is important to note that not all elements within the metallic group exhibit all these properties to the same extent. Some may have greater strength, while others may be more malleable or have higher melting points. This variation arises from differences in the atomic and molecular structures of different metals.
Metals play a vital role in various industries, such as construction, transportation, electronics, and manufacturing, due to their unique properties, making them essential for society’s development and advancement.
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