8. Ultraviolet radiation increases the likelihood of a cell’s becoming malignant primarily because UV radiationa. induces melanocytes to express more melanin.b. causes breaks in DNA.c. makes RNA polymerase more error-prone.d. causes mutations in DNA
d. causes mutations in DNA
The correct answer is “d. causes mutations in DNA.” Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause mutations and damage to the DNA in cells, which can increase the likelihood of a cell becoming cancerous or malignant. The UV radiation causes cross-links between adjacent pyrimidine bases in DNA, such as thymine, leading to the formation of pyrimidine dimers. This cross-linking causes mutations in the DNA that prevent normal replication and transcription, and can eventually lead to cell death or the formation of cancerous cells. Therefore, it is essential to protect the skin from prolonged exposure to UV radiation by using sunscreens or covering the skin with clothing.
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