Specificity
Specificity = TN / (TN + FP)
In biology and medicine, specificity refers to the ability of a test, measurement or diagnostic tool to accurately identify the presence or absence of a particular substance, condition or disease in a population. It is a measure of how well a test can distinguish between true positive results and false positive results, as well as between true negative results and false negative results.
For example, if a diagnostic test for a particular disease has high specificity, it means that the test will correctly identify healthy individuals who do not have the disease (true negatives) and those who have the disease (true positives), while minimizing false positive and false negative results. Conversely, a test with low specificity may incorrectly diagnose healthy individuals as diseased (false positives) or miss those who are actually ill (false negatives).
Specificity is one of several important measures that are used to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic tests, alongside factors such as sensitivity, accuracy and precision. It is typically expressed as a percentage or ratio, and can be assessed through statistical analysis of test results from a representative population.
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