Understanding Glandular Fever: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

EBV- glandular fever

Glandular fever, also known as infectious mononucleosis or mono, is a common viral illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Glandular fever, also known as infectious mononucleosis or mono, is a common viral illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is most commonly transmitted through saliva, hence it is often referred to as the “kissing disease.” However, it can also be spread through coughing, sneezing, sharing utensils or drinks, and close contact with an infected person.

Symptoms:
The symptoms of glandular fever can vary in severity from person to person, but they usually appear within 4 to 7 weeks after exposure to the virus. Common symptoms include:

1. Fatigue: A persistent feeling of tiredness and lack of energy is one of the hallmark symptoms of glandular fever. It may last for several weeks or even months.

2. Sore throat: Severe sore throat, often accompanied by swollen tonsils and difficulty swallowing, is a common symptom.

3. Fever: Many individuals with glandular fever experience a high temperature (above 100.4°F or 38°C), which can last for a few days.

4. Swollen lymph nodes: The lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, and groin may become enlarged and tender.

5. Headache: Some individuals may experience mild to severe headaches.

6. Muscle aches and weakness: Generalized body aches and weakness are commonly observed.

7. Rash: A small percentage of individuals may develop a rash, usually in response to certain medications like antibiotics.

Diagnosis:
Diagnosing glandular fever involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and specific blood tests. The blood tests look for specific antibodies produced by the immune system in response to the Epstein-Barr virus. These tests include the monospot test and the EBV-specific antibody tests.

Treatment:
There is no specific cure for glandular fever, and treatment mainly focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting the body’s immune system. The following measures may help:

1. Rest: It is important to get plenty of rest to allow the body to recover from the infection.

2. Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, especially if experiencing a fever.

3. Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help with fever, sore throat, and muscle aches. Aspirin should be avoided in children and teenagers due to the risk of developing Reye’s syndrome.

4. Gargling: Saltwater gargles or throat lozenges can help soothe a sore throat.

5. Avoid strenuous activity: It is essential to avoid strenuous exercise or contact sports, as this can lead to an enlarged spleen, which is a potential complication of glandular fever.

6. Avoid contact sports: This is especially important if the spleen is enlarged or tender to prevent the risk of rupture, which can be life-threatening.

It is important to note that individuals with glandular fever can continue to spread the virus even after symptoms have resolved. However, the likelihood of transmission decreases as time goes on.

Most people with glandular fever recover within a few weeks to a couple of months. However, some individuals may experience persistent fatigue and other symptoms for many months. If you are concerned about your symptoms or if they persist, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

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