9. Estrogen increases the risk of breast and uterine cancers because ita. inhibits differentiation.b. causes DNA damage.c. turns on the BRCA oncogenes.d. acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation.
d. acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation.
The correct answer is (d) acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation.
Estrogen is a hormone produced in the ovaries that plays a key role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and in the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females. However, high levels of estrogen have been found to increase the risk of breast and uterine cancers.
Estrogen acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating the proliferation of mammary and uterine cells, which increases the likelihood of DNA mutations occurring and, as a result, the development of cancer. The more cells that are dividing, the greater the chance that errors will occur during DNA replication, leading to mutations that can drive the development of cancer.
Estrogen also inhibits differentiation, which means that cells may not mature and perform their intended function correctly. Additionally, estrogen does not turn on the BRCA oncogenes, which are associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is (d) acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation.
More Answers:
Understanding Autopsy Consent: Legal Requirements and Protocols ExplainedClarifying the Difference Between Medicolegal and Medical Laboratory Science: Understanding Their Unique Roles in Healthcare and Legal Communities
Why Smoking a Pack of Cigarettes a Day Significantly Increases the Risk of Contracting Cancer