Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale: Key facts, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hookworm infection.

Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale

Hookworms- Infective stage is eggs in feces- Diagnostic stage is a filaform larvae that penetrates the skin- Diagnosis, a wet mount stool sample- CAN’T differentiate between Necator and Ancylostoma eggs.- “Ground itch”- Pulmonary problems

Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale are two species of parasitic hookworms that are commonly found in human intestine. These hookworms are known to cause a condition called hookworm infection or hookworm disease.

Here are some key facts about Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale:

1. Morphology: Both Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale are small, thin and thread-like worms, measuring about 1 cm in length. They have anterior end that is curved and has cutting plates or teeth, which help them attach to the intestinal walls.

2. Life cycle: After penetrating the host’s skin, the larvae of hookworms migrate through the lungs before they are swallowed and reach the small intestine, where they attach to the intestinal wall and feed on host’s blood. Adult worms lay eggs that are passed out of host’s body through feces, which hatch into infective larvae in the soil. These larvae can infect other hosts through penetration of skin, ingestion or even through mother’s milk.

3. Symptoms: Hookworm infection can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia, fatigue, and weakness. In severe cases, it can lead to malnutrition, stunted growth, cognitive impairment and even death.

4. Diagnosis: Diagnosis of hookworm infection is usually done by examining stool samples for the presence of hookworm eggs or larvae. Blood tests may also be done to detect anemia or to confirm infection.

5. Treatment: Hookworm infection can be treated with anti-parasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole, which can kill both adult worms and larvae. In severe cases, iron supplements or blood transfusions may also be required.

6. Prevention: To prevent hookworm infection, it’s important to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, wearing shoes to avoid skin contact with infected soil, and avoiding consuming contaminated food and water.

In summary, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale are important intestinal parasites that can cause serious health issues if left untreated. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes for infected individuals.

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