Science | Senioritis

Mohamed Abbas
July 4, 2023
Cell Biology

Understanding Binary Fission: The Forming of Genetically Identical Daughter Cells in Prokaryotes

What is the end result of binary fission? The end result of binary fission is the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent...

Mohamed Abbas
July 4, 2023
Biochemistry

The Role of Insulin in Regulating Blood Sugar Levels and Glucose Homeostasis

A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levelsActivates phosphoprotein phosphatase PP1Secreted in response to high blood glucoseIndirectly leads to dephosphorylation of bifunctional enzyme...

Mohamed Abbas
July 4, 2023
Biochemistry

Understanding the Role of Glucagon in Regulating Blood Glucose Levels and Energy Metabolism

A hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells that increases blood glucose concentrationSecreted when blood glucose levels are lowLeads to increase in [cAMP]Indirectly leads to phosphorylation of...

Mohamed Abbas
July 4, 2023
Biochemistry

Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis: The Role of Bifunctional Enzyme PFK2/FBPase-2

An enzyme with two different, often opposing, catalytic activities on one polypeptide chain. For instance, phosphofructokinase 2 synthesizes fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase hydrolyzes it, yet both...

Mohamed Abbas
July 4, 2023
Biochemistry

Optimizing Energy Metabolism: The Dual Role of Phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2) in Glycolysis Regulation

produces F2,6-BP, which activates PFK-1One of two functions of bifunctional enzyme*activity favored when bifunctional enzyme is dephosphorylated The bifunctional enzyme we are referring to is likely phosphofructokinase-2...

Mohamed Abbas
July 4, 2023
Biochemistry

The Allosteric Regulator Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate: Balancing Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis for Cellular Energy Demands

an important allosteric regulator of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. When present, it allosterically activates the enzyme phosphofructokinase-1, which drives glycolysis, and allosterically inhibits the enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, which...

Mohamed Abbas
July 4, 2023
Biochemistry

The Role of the Bifunctional Enzyme in Regulating Glycolysis: Impact of Glucagon and Insulin

-half of Bifunctional enzyme converts fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate -Glucagon causes phosphorylation of this enzyme, leading to inactivation of the kinase and activation of the phosphatase. -Insulin...

Mohamed Abbas
July 4, 2023
Biochemistry

The Significance of cAMP as a Second Messenger in Cellular Signal Transduction

A compound formed from ATP that acts as a second messenger.Activates protein kinase A The compound we are referring to is cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) The compound...