Science | Senioritis

Mohamed Abbas
June 20, 2023
Surgery

Understanding the Differences Between 3rd and 4th Heart Sounds (S3 and S4) in Children – Signs and Associations

*In children, which is more likely to be abnormal–a 3rd heart sound (S3) or a 4th heart sound (S4)? What is this heart sound associated with? S4An...

Mohamed Abbas
June 20, 2023
Surgery

Understanding Innocent Murmurs in Infancy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment.

*What is the most common benign murmur of infancy? What is it due to? When does this murmur disappear (reason and age)? Physiologic Peripheral Stenosis (PPS)Physiologic PPS...

Mohamed Abbas
June 20, 2023
Surgery

Balancing the Benefits and Risks: Understanding Spironolactone – A Potassium-Sparing Diuretic for Hypertension, Edema, and Heart Failure Treatment

What diuretic causes hyperkalemia and more rarely, gynecomastia? SpironolactoneSpironolactone is the most commonly used potassium-sparing diuretic, but it can cause hyperkalemia, especially when supplementing potassium or using...

Mohamed Abbas
June 20, 2023
Surgery

Understanding Cardiac Chest Pain in Children: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

*What is the most common cause of cardiac chest pain in children? PericarditisPericarditis is described as severe, substernal chest pain that is squeezing or tightening in character...

Mohamed Abbas
June 20, 2023
Surgery

Understanding Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) and its Classic CXR Appearance

*What cardiac condition has the classic CXR that shows a “snowman” or “figure-8” silhoutte? What occurs in this condition? What causes the snowman silhouette? Total Anomalous Pulmonary...

Mohamed Abbas
June 20, 2023
Surgery

Understanding Right Aortic Arch Abnormality with Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery: Causes, Symptoms and Associated Congenital Heart Defects

*What is the most common aortic arch abnormality? What syndrome should you look for with this abnormality? Aberrant Right Subclavian ArteryThe most common aortic arch abnormality is...

Mohamed Abbas
June 20, 2023
Surgery

Understanding Aortic Coarctation: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

*What is the most common symptomatic aortic arch abnormality? Double Aortic ArchDouble aortic arch (persistence of both right and left 4th embryonic arches) is the most common...

Mohamed Abbas
June 20, 2023
Medicine

How to Create a Strong Unique Selling Proposition (USP) for Your Science-Based Business

What does the USP do? Set standards for pharmacy practice USP stands for Unique Selling Proposition. It is a marketing concept that involves identifying and promoting a...