Understanding the Bonding Patterns of Heteroatoms: The Correct Statements Explained

Which of the following statements correctly describe the bonding patterns of heteroatoms? Select all that apply.Multiple select question.Chlorine is able to form one covalent bond and has 3 lone pairs of electrons.Nitrogen is able to form two covalent bonds and has two lone pairs of electrons.Oxygen is able to form two covalent bonds and has two lone pairs of electrons.Fluorine is able to form three covalent bonds and have one lone pair of electrons.

Nitrogen is able to form two covalent bonds and has two lone pairs of electrons.

The correct statements regarding the bonding patterns of heteroatoms are:

1. Nitrogen is able to form two covalent bonds and has two lone pairs of electrons.
2. Oxygen is able to form two covalent bonds and has two lone pairs of electrons.

Explanation:

1. Nitrogen (N) has five valence electrons. In order to achieve a stable octet, it can share two electrons through covalent bonding, forming two bonds. This leaves behind two lone pairs of electrons.
N with five valence electrons:
N: • • • • •
Sharing two electrons:
N: • • :N: • •

2. Oxygen (O) also has six valence electrons. It can form two covalent bonds by sharing two electrons, resulting in two bonds. This leaves two lone pairs of electrons.
O with six valence electrons:
O: • • • • • •
Sharing two electrons:
O: • • :O: • •

The other two statements are incorrect:

1. Chlorine (Cl) has seven valence electrons and is able to form one covalent bond. However, it has three lone pairs of electrons, not just one.
Cl with seven valence electrons:
Cl: • • • • • • •
Sharing one electron:
Cl: • :Cl • • • • • •

2. Fluorine (F) has seven valence electrons and is able to form one covalent bond. It has one lone pair of electrons, not three.
F with seven valence electrons:
F: • • • • • • •
Sharing three electrons:
F: • :F • • • • •

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