An organic compound with a carbonyl group of which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbons.
Ketone
The organic compound is known as a ketone. Ketones are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O), in which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms. The general structure of a ketone is R-C(=O)-R’, where R and R’ can be any organic group or hydrogen atoms.
The carbon atom in the carbonyl group is sp2 hybridized, forming three sigma bonds. One of these sigma bonds is formed with another carbon atom, and the other sigma bond is formed with an oxygen atom. The oxygen atom in the carbonyl group has two lone pairs of electrons, giving it a partial negative charge, while the carbon atom has a partial positive charge.
The presence of the carbonyl group in ketones gives them unique properties and reactivities. The polarization of the carbonyl bond makes the carbon atom susceptible to nucleophilic attack, leading to various chemical reactions such as reduction, addition, and condensation reactions.
Ketones have a wide range of applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, perfumes, solvents, and polymers. They also serve as key intermediates in many organic synthesis reactions. Some common examples of ketones include acetone (CH3COCH3), which is a widely used solvent, and acetophenone (C6H5COCH3), which is used in the production of fragrances.
In summary, a ketone is an organic compound with a carbonyl group in which the carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms. The presence of the carbonyl group imparts unique properties and reactivities to ketones, making them important and versatile compounds in various industrial and synthetic applications.
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