Exploring the World of Aldehydes: Properties, Reactions and Applications in Industry and Biology

Aldehyde

C=O (carbonyl group with hydrogen

An aldehyde is an organic molecule that contains a carbonyl group (-C=O) as its functional group. The carbonyl group is located at the end of the carbon chain in an aldehyde which makes it an aliphatic aldehyde. The general formula for an aldehyde is RCHO, where R is an alkyl or aryl group.

Aldehydes are highly reactive and undergo various chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions. They can be obtained by the oxidation of primary alcohols using oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate, chromic acid, or sodium dichromate. Some common examples of aldehydes include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde.

Aldehydes have a characteristic smell that is often described as sweet or pungent, and they are used in the manufacture of various chemicals such as plastics, fibers, and resins. Formaldehyde, for example, is used in the production of plywood, particleboard, and textiles.

In addition to their industrial applications, aldehydes also play essential roles in biological processes. For instance, acetaldehyde is produced during the metabolism of alcohol, and it is responsible for many of the adverse effects associated with alcohol consumption. Another example is glucose, which is an aldehyde that serves as the primary source of energy for the body.

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