Alcohols
– contain Hydroxyl group (OH) – suffix ol or hydroxy if a higher priority group is present- Diols contain two hydroxyl groups. * Geminal: 2 Hydroxyl groups on the same carbon* Vicinal: on adjacent carbons
Alcohols are a class of organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon atom. They are usually clear, colorless liquids or solids, with a characteristic smell and taste.
Alcohols can be classified based on the number of hydroxyl groups present in the molecule. Monohydroxy alcohols have one hydroxyl group, while dihydroxy alcohols have two hydroxyl groups. Trihydroxy alcohols have three hydroxyl groups in the molecule.
Alcohols are commonly used as solvents, fuel, and disinfectants. Some alcohols, such as ethanol and methanol, are used as alcoholic beverages and as food preservatives. Ethanol is also used as a fuel additive and is a common biofuel.
In addition, alcohols can be used as intermediates in the synthesis of other organic compounds, such as esters, ethers, and carboxylic acids. These compounds find applications in a variety of industries, including the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
The physical and chemical properties of alcohols depend on the specific alcohol being considered. For example, the boiling point of alcohols increases with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. In addition, primary alcohols are more easily oxidized to form aldehydes or carboxylic acids than secondary or tertiary alcohols.
More Answers:
Differences and Chemical Properties of Aldehydes and KetonesUnlocking the Properties and Uses of the Top 10 Aldehydes in Science
The Importance of Carbonyl Groups in Organic Chemistry and Biology