alkanes from 1 carbon to 10
-have carbonyl (C=O) found at the end of a carbon chain-named by replacing the -e with -al-when molecule contains higher-priority group that takes precedence over carbonyl, name aldehyde as substituent using the prefix oxo-
Alkanes are a group of hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. They are also known as saturated hydrocarbons because they have only single bonds between their carbon atoms and are therefore “saturated” with hydrogen atoms.
The names of alkanes follow a specific nomenclature system called the IUPAC system. In this system, each alkane is named based on the number of carbon atoms it contains. Here are the names and structures of the first ten alkanes:
1. Methane (CH4): Methane is the simplest alkane and has only one carbon atom. It is a colorless, odorless gas and is the main component of natural gas.
2. Ethane (C2H6): Ethane has two carbon atoms and is a colorless, odorless gas. It is commonly used as a fuel and as a refrigerant.
3. Propane (C3H8): Propane has three carbon atoms and is a colorless, odorless gas. It is commonly used as a fuel for heating and cooking.
4. Butane (C4H10): Butane has four carbon atoms and is a colorless, odorless gas. It is commonly used as a fuel in lighters and camping stoves.
5. Pentane (C5H12): Pentane has five carbon atoms and is a liquid at room temperature. It is used as a solvent and as a fuel.
6. Hexane (C6H14): Hexane has six carbon atoms and is a liquid at room temperature. It is commonly used as a solvent.
7. Heptane (C7H16): Heptane has seven carbon atoms and is a liquid at room temperature. It is commonly used as a solvent and as a fuel.
8. Octane (C8H18): Octane has eight carbon atoms and is a liquid at room temperature. It is an important component of gasoline and is used as a fuel.
9. Nonane (C9H20): Nonane has nine carbon atoms and is a liquid at room temperature. It is used as a solvent.
10. Decane (C10H22): Decane has ten carbon atoms and is a liquid at room temperature. It is used as a solvent and as a fuel.
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