Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy
Graves disease; increase in the volume of retroorbital fatty tissue and extraocular muscles
Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy, also known as Grave’s ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease, is an autoimmune disorder that affects the tissues surrounding the eye, causing inflammation and swelling. It is most commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, but can also occur in individuals with normal thyroid function or hypothyroidism.
Symptoms of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy can vary, but commonly include redness, swelling, and inflammation of the eyelids, bulging or protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos), double vision (diplopia), the sensation of dryness or grittiness in the eyes, sensitivity to light, and difficulty moving the eyes.
Treatment of thyroid-related ophthalmopathy depends on the severity of the symptoms and the underlying thyroid disorder. Initially, treatment may include artificial tears and ointments to relieve dryness and irritation. In more severe cases, systemic corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and swelling. Additionally, immunomodulatory drugs, such as rituximab or tocilizumab, may be used to suppress the immune system and slow the progression of the disease.
In some cases, surgery may be indicated to correct double vision or to decompress the eye socket in cases of severe exophthalmos. It is important for individuals with thyroid-related ophthalmopathy to receive regular eye exams to monitor for any changes in symptoms or vision.
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