Understanding Chromoblastomycosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of this Chronic Fungal Infection

Chromoblastomycosis (verrucous dermatitidis)

Chromoblastomycosis, also known as verrucous dermatitidis, is a chronic fungal infection that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues

Chromoblastomycosis, also known as verrucous dermatitidis, is a chronic fungal infection that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by various fungi, most commonly Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Cladosporium carrionii, and Phialophora verrucosa. These fungi are found in the soil and decaying vegetation in tropical and subtropical regions.

The infection starts when the fungal spores enter the skin through minor injuries, such as cuts, abrasions, or insect bites. The fungi grow slowly in the skin and gradually form raised, wart-like lesions called verrucous plaques. These plaques typically appear on the lower extremities, although they can also affect other parts of the body.

Symptoms of chromoblastomycosis include the presence of these verrucous plaques that may be itchy, painful, or ulcerated. Over time, the infection can spread locally, forming satellite lesions around the primary plaque. In severe cases, the infection can extend deeper into the underlying tissues and bones.

Diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis is established through a combination of clinical evaluation, microscopic examination, and fungal culture. The characteristic appearance of the lesions under the microscope, known as “copper penny” or “Medlar bodies,” can help identify the fungi responsible for the infection.

Treatment of chromoblastomycosis can be challenging and depends on the extent and severity of the infection. Antifungal medications, primarily oral itraconazole or terbinafine, are often prescribed for extended periods (typically several months to a year). In some cases, surgical removal of the lesions may be necessary, especially if they are large or causing significant discomfort.

Prevention of chromoblastomycosis involves taking precautions to minimize exposure to the fungi. This includes wearing appropriate protective clothing and shoes when working in areas where the fungi are prevalent, avoiding contact with soil or decaying plant material, and promptly cleaning and covering any skin injuries.

In conclusion, chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by various fungi found in tropical and subtropical regions. Diagnosis is made through clinical evaluation, microscopic examination, and fungal culture. Treatment involves long-term antifungal medications and may require surgical removal of lesions in severe cases. Prevention includes minimizing exposure to the fungi through protective measures.

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