Aspergillus Infections: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

aspergillus

fungus ball infectionhyphomycetesconidiophore extends to a vesiclevesicle is covered with phialides (sterigmata)parallel chains of conidia cover phialides

Aspergillus refers to a group of fungi commonly found in the environment, such as in soil, plants and decaying matter. There are many different types of Aspergillus species, many of which can cause fungal infections in humans. Aspergillosis is a spectrum of diseases caused by Aspergillus that range from mild allergic reactions to severe lung infections.

Some common Aspergillus infections in humans include:

1. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA): This is a type of allergic reaction of the lungs that occurs in response to inhaling Aspergillus spores. The symptoms include wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, which can be similar to those of asthma.

2. Aspergilloma: This is a fungal ball that grows within a lung cavity or sinus, often as a complication of previous lung damage, such as tuberculosis. The fungal ball can cause symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.

3. Invasive aspergillosis: This is a serious infection that can occur in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy. The infection can spread from the lungs to other organs, such as the brain and heart, and can be fatal if not treated promptly.

Treatment for Aspergillus infections typically involves antifungal medications, such as voriconazole and isavuconazole. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a fungal ball or infected tissue. Prevention measures include avoiding exposure to Aspergillus spores, particularly for people with weakened immune systems, and maintaining good hygiene practices.

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