How Normal Microbiota Play A Vital Role in Preventing Pathogens and Disease: Mechanisms Explained

How do normal microbiota impact disease?

they compete with pathogens

Normal microbiota, which are microorganisms that reside within and on the human body without causing disease, can play an important role in preventing the growth and colonization of pathogenic (disease-causing) microorganisms. This is accomplished through several mechanisms, including:

1. Competition for nutrients: Normal microbiota can compete with pathogenic microorganisms for resources such as nutrients and living space. This competition can limit the growth and survival of pathogenic microorganisms, which reduces the risk of disease.

2. Production of antimicrobial substances: Normal microbiota can produce molecules that are toxic to pathogenic microorganisms. These substances can inhibit the growth and survival of pathogenic microorganisms, which helps to prevent disease.

3. Modulation of the immune system: Normal microbiota can stimulate the immune system in a way that promotes the development of immune cells that recognize and destroy pathogenic microorganisms. This helps to prevent disease by enhancing the body’s ability to fight infections.

However, in some cases, normal microbiota can also contribute to the development of disease. For example, certain strains of normal microbiota can become pathogenic and cause infections if they enter the wrong site in the body or if the immune system is compromised. In addition, changes in the balance of normal microbiota, such as through the use of antibiotics, can disrupt the protective effects of normal microbiota and increase the risk of disease.

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