What is the term used to describe a process by which on cell extends a sex pilus out to another cell and passes a copy of important genetic material?
Conjugation
The process you are referring to is called bacterial conjugation. During bacterial conjugation, one bacterial cell (donor cell) transfers genetic material, in the form of plasmids or other extra-chromosomal DNA, to another bacterial cell (recipient cell) through a sex pilus or conjugation tube. This process allows for the transfer of beneficial traits, such as antibiotic resistance, from one bacterial cell to another. Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer and plays an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial populations.
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