parathyroid glands
Parathyroid glands are four small, pea-sized glands located in the neck region behind the thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands are four small, pea-sized glands located in the neck region behind the thyroid gland. Despite their similar name, the parathyroid glands are separate from the thyroid gland and have different functions.
The main function of the parathyroid glands is to regulate the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in the body. They do so by producing a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the bloodstream.
When blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid glands release PTH, which acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase calcium levels. PTH stimulates the release of calcium from the bones, enhances the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys and inhibits the reabsorption of phosphorus. PTH also prompts the conversion of vitamin D to its active form, which aids in the absorption of calcium from the intestines.
On the other hand, when blood calcium levels are high, the parathyroid glands reduce the secretion of PTH to prevent an excessive buildup of calcium in the blood. This negative feedback loop helps to maintain the appropriate levels of calcium in the body.
The imbalance in parathyroid activity can lead to disorders such as hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid glands produce excess PTH, resulting in high blood calcium levels, which can lead to symptoms like bone pain, kidney stones, and digestive issues. Hypoparathyroidism, on the other hand, occurs when the parathyroid glands produce insufficient PTH, resulting in low blood calcium levels and causing symptoms like muscle cramps, tingling sensations, and even seizures.
Overall, the parathyroid glands play a vital role in regulating calcium levels in the body and ensuring the proper functioning of various bodily systems.
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