Hydrochlorothiazide: A Guide to Use, Side Effects, Interactions, and Precautions

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Hydrochlorothiazide is a medication used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid retention) by reducing the amount of salt and water in the body. Here are some important things to know about hydrochlorothiazide:

1. How does hydrochlorothiazide work?

Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic, which means it helps the body get rid of excess water and salt through urine. It works by increasing the amount of sodium and chloride that are filtered from the blood by the kidneys, which in turn reduces the amount of fluid in the body.

2. What are the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide?

Common side effects of hydrochlorothiazide include dizziness, headache, fatigue, muscle weakness, and nausea. It may also cause increased urination, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances such as low levels of potassium, sodium, and magnesium.

3. How is hydrochlorothiazide taken?

Hydrochlorothiazide is usually taken once a day in the morning with or without food. It is important to take the medication at the same time every day to maintain a consistent level of the drug in the body. The dosage of hydrochlorothiazide will depend on the condition being treated and the individual’s response to the medication.

4. Who should not take hydrochlorothiazide?

Hydrochlorothiazide should not be taken by people who are allergic to the medication or its ingredients, or who have certain medical conditions such as anuria (complete absence of urine production), severe kidney disease, or severe liver disease. It should also be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

5. What should be done in case of a missed dose of hydrochlorothiazide?

If a dose of hydrochlorothiazide is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, the missed dose should be skipped and the regular dosing schedule should be resumed. It is important not to take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

6. Are there any drug interactions with hydrochlorothiazide?

Yes, hydrochlorothiazide can interact with other medications, including certain blood pressure medications, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and lithium. It is important to inform the healthcare provider of all medications being taken to avoid possible interactions.

7. Is there anything else that should be known about hydrochlorothiazide?

Hydrochlorothiazide may cause photosensitivity, which means prolonged sun exposure should be avoided or sun protection measures should be taken. It is also important to monitor blood pressure and electrolyte levels while taking hydrochlorothiazide.

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