absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
ADME
Absorption refers to the process by which a drug or molecule enters the bloodstream from the site of administration. Absorption is influenced by various factors such as drug solubility, concentration, and the presence of food or other drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption can occur through various routes such as oral, inhalation, topical, and injection.
Distribution is the process by which a drug or molecule is transported from the bloodstream to the different tissues and organs of the body where it can exert its therapeutic effects. Distribution is influenced by various factors such as drug solubility, protein binding, and tissue permeability. Some drugs may have a specific target and distribute more to that particular organ or tissue.
Metabolism involves the chemical transformation of a drug or molecule within the body. This process occurs primarily in the liver and involves the conversion of drugs into metabolites that can be eliminated through the urine or feces. Metabolism can also influence drug potency or toxicity.
Excretion is the process by which drugs or their metabolites are eliminated from the body. This mainly occurs through the kidneys, although other organs such as the liver and lungs can also play a role. The rate of elimination depends on various factors such as drug properties, renal function, and the rate of filtration.
Overall, understanding absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is essential in pharmaceutical sciences as it helps in predicting drug efficacy, toxicity, and drug interactions.
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