Adenohypophysis
Another name for the anterior pituitary
The adenohypophysis, also known as the anterior pituitary gland, is a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. It is responsible for the secretion of several hormones that act on various organs throughout the body. The adenohypophysis has five cell types, each responsible for the secretion of specific hormones. These hormones include:
1. Growth hormone (GH): Stimulates growth and metabolic processes in the body.
2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
3. Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH): Stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol, a hormone that regulates stress response.
4. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Regulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles and the production of sperm.
5. Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates ovulation in women and testosterone production in men.
The secretion of hormones from the adenohypophysis is controlled by the hypothalamus, located above the pituitary gland in the brain. The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones that stimulate or inhibit the production of specific hormones in the adenohypophysis. These hormones are transported through a network of blood vessels that connect the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis, known as the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system.
Abnormalities of the adenohypophysis can lead to a variety of conditions, including growth hormone deficiency, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and ovarian or testicular dysfunction. Treatment options for these conditions include hormone replacement therapy and surgery.
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