Torque Reaction: Effects on Single Engine Airplanes on Ground and in Flight

What effect does torque reaction have on an airplane on the ground and in flight? (FAA‑H‑8083‑25)

In flight—torque reaction is acting around the longitudinal axis, tending to make the airplane roll. To compensate, some of the older airplanes are rigged in a manner to create more lift on the wing that is being forced downward. The more modern airplanes are designed with the engine offset to counteract this effect of torque.On the ground—during the takeoff roll, an additional turning moment around the vertical axis is induced by torque reaction. As the left side of the airplane is being forced down by torque reaction, more weight is being placed on the left main landing gear. This results in more ground friction, or drag, on the left tire than on the right, causing a further turning moment to the left.

Torque reaction is a phenomenon that occurs when an engine rotates a propeller, causing the airplane to experience a reaction force in the opposite direction. This effect is particularly noticeable in single-engine airplanes, as the engine produces a significant amount of torque.

On the ground, torque reaction can cause several effects on an airplane. During takeoff, the airplane may experience a tendency to yaw or turn to one side, known as “torque roll.” Pilots must use rudder to counteract this force and keep the airplane on the runway centerline. During taxi, pilots must also be aware of the effect of torque on the airplane’s direction of travel, as the airplane may try to turn in one direction or the other.

In flight, torque reaction can also cause some effects on an airplane. For example, if an airplane experiences an engine failure, the loss of torque on one side of the airplane can cause it to roll to one side. This effect is particularly noticeable on single-engine airplanes, where the asymmetric thrust can cause significant yaw and roll forces. Pilots must be aware of this effect and take appropriate action to maintain control of the airplane.

Overall, torque reaction is an important consideration for pilots of single-engine airplanes, both on the ground and in flight. Understanding how it affects the airplane can help pilots maintain control and fly safely.

More Answers: