Cell Wall
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
The cell wall is a rigid and protective layer that surrounds the cell membrane in cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. The primary function of the cell wall is to provide structural support and protection to the cell.
In plant cells, the cell wall is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. It is responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell, preventing excessive water uptake, and protecting against external stresses such as wind and harsh weather.
In bacterial cells, the cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan, which provides protection against mechanical stress and osmotic pressure. The bacterial cell wall also plays a crucial role in determining the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics.
Finally, in fungal cells, the cell wall is composed of chitin, glucans, and mannan. The cell wall not only protects the cell but also plays a role in fungal growth, cell division, and differentiation.
Overall, the cell wall is an essential component of cells, providing both structural support and protection from external stresses.