Long chains of molecules found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
The long chains of molecules found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes, are called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
The long chains of molecules found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes, are called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA is a double-stranded helical structure composed of nucleotides.
Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and are made up of three components: a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four different nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These bases pair specifically with each other, with A always pairing with T and G always pairing with C. This complementary base pairing forms the basis of DNA’s ability to replicate and transmit genetic information.
Genes are specific segments of DNA that contain the instructions for producing proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells. Each gene contains a sequence of nucleotides that encode the information needed to assemble a specific protein molecule. The sequence of nucleotides within a gene determines the order and types of amino acids that will be incorporated into a protein during protein synthesis.
DNA molecules are organized into structures called chromosomes. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one member of each pair inherited from each parent. These chromosomes contain all the genetic information necessary for an organism’s development and functioning.
The DNA sequence of genes can be altered through mutations, which can occur naturally or as a result of various factors such as exposure to radiation or certain chemicals. Mutations can lead to changes in protein structure and function, and can have a range of effects on an organism’s phenotype.
The discovery of the structure of DNA and its role in transmitting genetic information has revolutionized the field of biology and has had profound implications for understanding inheritance, evolution, and disease. DNA analysis is now routinely used in various fields, including forensic science, paternity testing, and biomedical research.
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