Cell-mediated Immunity
involves primarily T lymphocytes
Cell-mediated immunity is a process of immune response that involves the activation of cellular components to identify and destroy pathogens. This type of immunity is mediated by T cells, which are specialized cells that recognize and respond to antigens presented on the surface of infected cells.
The activation of T cells occurs through a process called antigen presentation, in which antigen-presenting cells (APCs) display fragments of antigens on their surface. T cells with receptors that recognize these antigens are activated and differentiate into various effector cell types, including cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and regulatory T cells.
Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for directly killing infected cells by releasing cytotoxic granules containing enzymes that induce apoptosis. Helper T cells play a critical role in coordinating immune responses by secreting cytokines that activate other immune cells and promoting the differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Regulatory T cells are involved in maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing excessive immune responses that can cause tissue damage.
Overall, cell-mediated immunity is an essential component of the adaptive immune response that helps the body to control and eliminate pathogenic infections.
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