Four Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions and its Diagnosis & Treatment.

What is a hypersensitivity?

An antigenic response beyond the “norm”- AKA allergies

Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated or abnormal reaction of the immune system to an antigen (foreign substance). It is also known as an allergic or immunologic reaction and can manifest in various ways, including skin rashes, respiratory distress, digestive problems, and anaphylaxis (a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction). There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions:

– Type I hypersensitivity involves an immediate reaction that occurs within seconds to minutes after exposure to the allergen. Examples of Type I hypersensitivity include hay fever, food allergies, and allergic asthma.
– Type II hypersensitivity involves the destruction of cells or tissues due to the presence of an antigen. Examples of Type II hypersensitivity include hemolytic transfusion reactions and autoimmune diseases like myasthenia gravis.
– Type III hypersensitivity involves the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues and cause inflammation and tissue damage. Examples of Type III hypersensitivity include rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
– Type IV hypersensitivity involves a delayed reaction that occurs hours to days after exposure to the antigen. Examples of Type IV hypersensitivity include contact dermatitis and reactions to certain drugs.

Hypersensitivity reactions can be diagnosed through skin tests, blood tests, and clinical symptoms. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the reaction and may involve medications such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine.

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