External defense system
Attempts to prevent entry. Unbroken skinLactic acidMucous secrectionsFlushing urine/phAcidity of stomach
The external defense system of the human body is made up of the skin and mucous membranes, which act as physical barriers to prevent the entry of harmful microorganisms and other foreign substances into the body. The skin is the first line of defense and acts as a barrier against microorganisms, toxins, and other harmful substances. The epidermis layer contains keratin and tight junctions, which make it difficult for microorganisms to penetrate the skin.
Mucous membranes, such as those found in the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts, are coated with mucus that acts as a sticky trap for microbes, preventing them from entering the body. These membranes also contain antibodies, which help to neutralize harmful microorganisms.
In addition to physical barriers, the skin and mucous membranes also secrete various chemicals and enzymes, such as lysozyme, which destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms.
Finally, the external defense system also includes the immune system, which helps to identify and neutralize harmful microorganisms that may penetrate the body. The immune system includes various cells and molecules that work together to recognize and destroy harmful invaders.
More Answers:
Cytokines: Vital Signalling Proteins Regulating Immune Response and Physiological Processes.Acute Phase Reactants: Their Role in Immune and Inflammatory Responses and Diagnostic Significance.
Internal Defense System: How the Immune System, Lymphatic System, and White Blood Cells Protect the Body