what is produced by B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes
cytokines
B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes are two types of white blood cells that play important roles in the immune system. These cells are produced in the bone marrow and are responsible for protecting the body against infection and disease.
B-lymphocytes: These cells produce and secrete proteins called antibodies (immunoglobulins), which are specifically designed to recognize and bind to antigens. Antigens are molecules on the surface of foreign invaders like viruses or bacteria that trigger an immune response. When B-lymphocytes encounter an antigen, they produce antibodies that bind to the antigen and inactivate or destroy it. This process is called the humoral immune response and leads to the production of specific antibodies that can identify and neutralize a particular pathogen.
T-lymphocytes: These cells are involved in what is known as the cell-mediated immune response. They recognize and respond to antigens presented on the surface of infected or abnormal cells, such as cancer cells or cells infected with viruses. There are several types of T-lymphocytes, including:
– Helper T-cells: These cells activate and coordinate the immune response by releasing chemicals called cytokines that stimulate other immune cells. They also recognize and respond to antigens presented by B-lymphocytes and other cells.
– Cytotoxic T-cells: These cells directly attack and kill infected or abnormal cells by releasing toxic molecules.
– Regulatory T-cells: These cells control and suppress the immune response, preventing it from attacking healthy cells or overreacting to harmless stimuli.
Overall, B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes work together to provide a coordinated immune response that protects the body against a wide range of threats.
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