Hemochromatosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options for Iron Overload Disorder

Hemochromatosis

Excess iron is deposited in the heart, liver, pancreas, and other organs, can lead to organ failure and death, most common in patients with inherited excessive iron absorption or those who receive many red cell transfusions over a long period of time (eg, individuals with β-thalassemia), treated with phlebotomy

Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes the body to absorb too much iron from the food we eat. This disorder is typically caused by mutations in the HFE gene. Normally, the body only absorbs what it needs, but in people with hemochromatosis, the iron builds up in the body over time, leading to iron overload.

There are two types of hemochromatosis: primary and secondary. Primary hemochromatosis is caused by mutations in the HFE gene, while secondary hemochromatosis is caused by other underlying health conditions such as thalassemia or chronic liver disease.

The symptoms of hemochromatosis can be vague and may include fatigue, weakness, joint pain, abdominal pain, and depression, among others. This is because the excess iron can build up in various organs throughout the body, causing damage over time.

Treatment for hemochromatosis typically involves regular blood draws to remove excess iron from the body. In some cases, medications may also be prescribed to help chelate or remove excess iron. Early detection and treatment can prevent or minimize the complications associated with hemochromatosis, such as liver disease, heart disease, and diabetes. People with hemochromatosis are also advised to avoid consumption of alcohol and iron supplements.

It is important to note that hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder, which means that it can be passed down from parent to child. If someone in the family has been diagnosed with hemochromatosis, other family members should be tested, and genetic counseling may be recommended.

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