Telomerase
An enzyme that replicates ends of DNA by adding repeated DNA sequences to the Telomeres
Telomerase is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the maintenance of the length of the telomeres, which are the protective cap-like structures located at the end of the chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. Telomeres shorten with each cell division due to the inability of the DNA replication machinery to fully replicate the telomeres.
If telomeres become too short, they cannot protect the chromosome from damage and can trigger cell death or cellular senescence. However, telomerase can prevent this shortening by adding repetitive DNA sequences onto the end of the telomeres. Telomerase is primarily active in germ cells, stem cells, and cancer cells, whereas somatic cells generally do not express telomerase.
The regulation of telomerase activity is complex and involves multiple factors. Research has shown that dysregulation of telomerase activity can contribute to a variety of diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders. In recent years, telomerase has been studied extensively for its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
Overall, the study of telomerase and its role in cellular aging and disease has provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern cellular function and dysfunction.
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