gene
a segment of DNA that controls a hereditary trait
A gene is the basic unit of heredity in all living organisms. It is a section of DNA that contains the instructions for how to make a specific protein or RNA molecule. These instructions are passed down from parents to their offspring during reproduction.
Genes are located on chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus of a cell. Each gene has a specific location on a chromosome, known as a locus. The DNA sequence of a gene determines the traits that an organism will express. For example, a gene may determine the color of an individual’s eyes or the production of a specific hormone.
Humans have approximately 20,000-25,000 genes, which make up only a small portion of the total DNA in our cells. Genetic variations and mutations in genes can lead to various inherited disorders and diseases. Understanding the function and regulation of genes is crucial for geneticists and medical researchers, as it can help identify treatments and potential cures for genetic disorders.
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